A short circuit occurs when the Line (hot) and Neutral wires make unintended contact, resulting in a surge of electrical current due to minimal resistance. This can be caused by faulty wiring, damaged cables, defective appliances, or incorrect connections after electrical work. Such events can lead to overheating and potential fires.
In contrast, a ground fault happens when the Line or Neutral wire unintentionally connects with the Earth (ground). This fault often arises from damaged wiring or malfunctioning devices, causing electrical current to flow directly to the ground. Ground faults pose a significant risk of electric shock.
Both faults are hazardous and can cause circuit breakers to trip. Regular maintenance and prompt attention to electrical issues are essential to prevent these occurrences.
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https://www.electricalfaultsfixed.com/blog/short-circuit-vs-ground-fault-causes-and-prevention